Concise Review of Lead & Nickel Toxicity impacts on Natural Ecosystem and Human Health

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55434/CBI.2020.8105

Abstract

Lead and Nickel are considered as common metal pollutants widely used in alloys, stainless steel, water pipes, cables and batteries etc. Nickel is considered as an essential metal as it is required by the humans and plants at low concentration (0.001 to 2.64 micrograms/per day) recommended by United Statespharmacopeial national formulary 2013. In Contrast to Nickel lead is considered as non-essential metal element as it do not have beneficial effect on humans. Boundless usage of these metals entry to the natural ecosystem and reaching in to the human food chain. Accumulation of these metals in to human body on frequent exposure even at low concentration cause serious health hazards or toxicity. Hence we aimed to review lead and nickel toxicity specific to human health, compiling knowledge on Lead and Nickel metals entry to the food chain of humans from the natural ecosystem and summarizing the oxidative stress related to lead and Nickel toxicity.